{"id":54472,"date":"2026-07-06T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-07-05T17:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/coffeefactz.com\/?p=54472"},"modified":"2026-09-12T10:50:25","modified_gmt":"2026-09-12T03:50:25","slug":"rui-ro-trong-len-men-ca-phe-ngam-u-carbonic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/coffeefactz.com\/vi\/rui-ro-trong-len-men-ca-phe-ngam-u-carbonic\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u1ee7i ro trong l\u00ean men c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic: Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau l\u1ed7i"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic n\u1ebfu b\u1ecb qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd k\u00e9m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng – n\u00f3 c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt rang n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n. Ch\u00ednh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f9ng k\u00edn v\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho vi khu\u1ea9n axit axetic<\/em> v\u00e0 n\u1ea5m men Brettanomyces<\/em> b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t ngay khi oxy t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebd h\u1edf l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 n\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd b\u00f3c t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p, l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c m\u1ebb \u1ee7 l\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi tr\u1ea1m s\u01a1 ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed9 chua bay h\u01a1i l\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic<\/h2>\n\n

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\u0110\u1ed9 chua bay h\u01a1i (Volatile Acidity – VA)<\/strong> l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n axit t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n qua kh\u1ee9u gi\u00e1c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 qua v\u1ecb gi\u00e1c – v\u00e0 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, n\u00f3 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n bao g\u1ed3m axit axetic<\/em>. Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ea3m quan m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 chua bay h\u01a1i bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb n\u00e9t ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p th\u00fa v\u1ecb th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng n\u1eb1m \u1edf m\u1ee9c kho\u1ea3ng >0,1% \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng axit axetic<\/strong> trong nh\u00e2n xanh. M\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ranh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, l\u00f4 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea coi nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch rang n\u00e0o kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ed1i tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec3 che gi\u1ea5u, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0o \u1edf h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n

Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng sinh h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 di\u1ec5n ra r\u1ea5t tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n vi hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed – ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1ng kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean – vi khu\u1ea9n axit axetic (AAB)<\/strong> s\u1ebd oxy h\u00f3a ethanol th\u00e0nh axit axetic th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c enzym dehydrogenase li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u00e0ng n\u1eb1m trong khoang chu ch\u1ea5t (periplasmic space) c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1ed5ng quan n\u0103m 2022 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Frontiers in Microbiology<\/em><\/strong><\/u><\/a> \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c electron t\u1eeb chu\u1ed7i l\u00ean men oxy h\u00f3a n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn ubiquinone, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n sinh axit axetic li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o c\u1ea3 ethanol v\u00e0 d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy v\u1ebft v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u oxy – n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 oxy \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic<\/strong> l\u1ea1i mang m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9. Th\u00f9ng \u1ee7 carbonic ch\u1ee9a qu\u1ea3 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00ed CO\u2082, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eadp trong dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i hay ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n m\u1edf n\u1eafp, m\u1ed7i v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t si\u00eau nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean gio\u0103ng cao su, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t dao \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy c\u01a1 khi\u1ebfn oxy x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp. Th\u00f9ng \u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd k\u00edn tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i trong su\u1ed1t chu k\u1ef3 l\u00ean men k\u00e9o d\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y, v\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n axit axetic s\u1ebd ch\u1edbp l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n \u0111\u00f3 trong t\u00edch t\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ed1t t\u1eed \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0: \u0111\u1ed9 chua s\u00e1ng, thanh m\u00e1t nh\u01b0 tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y<\/em> l\u00e0m n\u00ean s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1ebb ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m men<\/em> – chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a axit malic, s\u1ea3n sinh este etyl, v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a CO\u2082 b\u00ean trong qu\u1ea3 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n. \u0110\u1ed9 chua bay h\u01a1i do nhi\u1ec5m vi khu\u1ea9n axit axetic nh\u00ecn tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd c\u00f3 v\u1ebb gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9 chua s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng khi n\u1ebfm trong t\u00e1ch l\u1ea1i b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 v\u1ecb chua g\u1eaft, kh\u00e9 c\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea5m v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ch\u00e1t kh\u00f4 v\u00f2m mi\u1ec7ng.<\/strong> \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u sinh v\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra n\u00f3 – \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn th\u1eb3ng t\u1edbi ba t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong c\u00e1c m\u1ebb ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n

C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc vi sinh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u00ean men kh\u00e1c; vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t then ch\u1ed1t gi\u1eefa ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic v\u00e0 l\u00ean men k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed<\/strong><\/u><\/a> s\u1ebd l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t oxy l\u1ea1i mang c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ee7i ro kh\u00e1c nhau trong t\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn th\u00f9ng cho m\u1ecdi quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n

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C\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o n\u00ean l\u1ed7i m\u1ebb \u1ee7 trong ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic<\/h2>\n\n

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Ba nh\u00f3m sinh v\u1eadt ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 l\u1ed7i h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic<\/strong> g\u1ed3m: Acetobacter<\/em>, Gluconobacter<\/em>, v\u00e0 n\u1ea5m men Brettanomyces bruxellensis<\/em>. M\u1ed7i lo\u00e0i v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh theo m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau, sinh s\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ea3m quan ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i n\u00e0o s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i cupping b\u00ed \u1ea9n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1eaft x\u00edch quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n

Acetobacter v\u00e0 Gluconobacter<\/h3>\n\n

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Acetobacter<\/em> v\u00e0 Gluconobacter<\/em> l\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c<\/strong> – ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu oxy. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a ethanol th\u00e0nh axit axetic th\u00f4ng qua c\u00f9ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng oxy h\u00f3a chu ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u1edf tr\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea3m quan ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 chua bay h\u01a1i g\u1eaft nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea5m<\/strong> v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t m\u1ebb ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic h\u1ecfng. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh trong ng\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau oxy h\u00f2a tan d\u01b0\u1edbi 1 mg\/L<\/strong> nh\u1eb1m \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang; v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea3 hai chi vi khu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf gi\u1eefa hai chi n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 th\u1ec3 \u01b0a th\u00edch. Acetobacter<\/em> l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n s\u1ea3n sinh axit axetic hung h\u0103ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea3i pH r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh lo\u00e0i nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t khi oxy x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, Gluconobacter<\/em> c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ethanol t\u00edch t\u1ee5 – ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed1i nguy l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong 24\u201348 gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean khi th\u00f9ng \u1ee7 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea1p qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng n\u1eafp.<\/p>\n\n\n

Brettanomyces v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n d\u01b0 dai d\u1eb3ng<\/h3>\n\n

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Brettanomyces bruxellensis<\/em> l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i vi sinh v\u1eadt k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed t\u00f9y \u00fd<\/strong>, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t \u1edf \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ri\u00eang ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a oxy r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p – ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 h\u1edf gio\u0103ng l\u1edbn m\u1edbi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed ban \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm th\u00e0nh th\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1ecf qu\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1eady n\u1eafp. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 4-ethylphenol<\/strong> v\u00e0 4-ethylguaiacol<\/strong> – nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u00f9i phenolic, m\u00f9i “chu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ea1i”, m\u00f9i d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u00f9i b\u0103ng g\u1ea1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (Band-Aid) th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean phi\u1ebfu th\u1eed n\u1ebfm c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ebb ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfn Brettanomyces<\/em> \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu pH th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Trong khi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh axit h\u00f3a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf Acetobacter<\/em> v\u00e0 Gluconobacter<\/em>, th\u00ec Brett<\/em> v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t \u1edf m\u1ee9c pH d\u01b0\u1edbi 4,0 – v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed1c pH m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn quy tr\u00ecnh ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng m\u1ebb \u1ee7. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u00f9ng qua v\u1ecf qu\u1ea3, m\u00e0ng sinh h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, ho\u1eb7c c\u1eb7n b\u00e1m t\u1eeb m\u1ebb tr\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4 l\u1eadp oxy \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n

L\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c l\u1ed7i h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb<\/h3>\n\n

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Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 vi sinh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy ng\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb t\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i:<\/p>\n\n\n

M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea3m quan<\/th>Sinh v\u1eadt ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t<\/th>T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t ch\u00ednh<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
M\u00f9i gi\u1ea5m \/ chua g\u1eaft axit axetic<\/td>Acetobacter<\/em>, Gluconobacter<\/em><\/td>Oxy l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy h\u00f2a tan O\u2082 >1 mg\/L<\/td><\/tr>
M\u00f9i b\u0103ng g\u1ea1c \/ d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u \/ phenolic<\/td>Brettanomyces bruxellensis<\/em><\/td>Nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u00f3ng n\u1eafp, m\u00e0ng sinh h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/td><\/tr>
V\u1ecb ch\u00e1t kh\u00f4 bay h\u01a1i<\/td>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a AAB + Brett<\/em><\/td>L\u00ean men k\u00e9o d\u00e0i + \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n vi hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed<\/td><\/tr>
M\u00f9i \u1ea9m m\u1ed1c \/ m\u00f9i \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ea9m<\/td>Nhi\u1ec5m n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c<\/td>Qu\u1ea3 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u1ecb d\u1eadp n\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n

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<\/div>\n\n\n Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t sinh v\u1eadt n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t \u1edf m\u1ecdi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic. Ch\u00fang x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp qua h\u1ec7 vi sinh v\u1eadt tr\u00ean v\u1ecf qu\u1ea3 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea<\/strong>, m\u00e0ng sinh h\u1ecdc b\u00e1m tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/strong>, ho\u1eb7c c\u1eb7n b\u1ea9n t\u1ed3n d\u01b0 trong th\u00f9ng<\/strong> t\u1eeb c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 l\u00ean men tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec3m x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ea7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec7 sinh nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t – tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn n\u1eafp th\u00f9ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i sau khi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n\n\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tham kh\u1ea3o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 d\u1ea1ng m\u00e0ng sinh h\u1ecdc b\u00e1m tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb – b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1ed7i vi sinh b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 trong t\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea.<\/p>\n\n\n

\"Interior<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd oxy ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u00f3ng n\u1eafp<\/h2>\n\n

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Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd oxy<\/strong> trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng sau khi \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn th\u00f9ng – \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u b\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec9nh th\u00f9ng (headspace) v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i \u00e1p su\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u1ec1n kh\u00ed CO\u2082 duy tr\u00ec \u00e1p su\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nh\u1eb1m t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean s\u1ed1ng duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 Acetobacter<\/em>, Gluconobacter<\/em> v\u00e0 Brettanomyces<\/em> \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n: s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi oxy kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n

Van m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n\n

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Van m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u (airlock)<\/strong> \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m hai ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng: cho ph\u00e9p kh\u00ed CO\u2082 sinh ra t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m men v\u00e0 l\u00ean men n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o tho\u00e1t ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 oxy t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u1ecdt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u00f9ng \u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u00e1p su\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u01a1ng >0,035 bar so v\u1edbi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n<\/strong> t\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m. D\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u00f3, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ee5t \u00e1p su\u1ea5t – do nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i, CO\u2082 h\u00f2a tan v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, ho\u1eb7c gio\u0103ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 vi m\u00f4 – c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c h\u00fat ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi k\u00e9o kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i qua van ho\u1eb7c qua c\u00e1c kh\u1edbp gio\u0103ng ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn van r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i van kh\u00f3a kh\u00ed b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ef1a gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb d\u00f9ng trong \u1ee7 bia t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho s\u1ef1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 hay m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m axit c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. C\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh van m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ef1a HDPE chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/strong> c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf ch\u00fang theo chu k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eb5n thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n

Gio\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec7m, v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec7m k\u00edn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n<\/h3>\n\n

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B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p gi\u1eefa n\u1eafp v\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m oxy d\u1ec5 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gio\u0103ng<\/strong> ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c axit l\u00ean men – cao su EPDM ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ebd tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a theo th\u1eddi gian trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng pH th\u1ea5p, trong khi silicone chuy\u00ean d\u00f9ng cho th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/strong> v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i k\u00edn kh\u00edt qua c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac axit. C\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra gio\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed7i m\u1ebb \u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00fan bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng n\u00e9n, ho\u1eb7c m\u00e9o m\u00f3 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m si\u1ebft bu-l\u00f4ng. B\u00f4i tr\u01a1n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ecbt k\u00edn b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n silicone an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c khe h\u1edf vi m\u00f4 t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u00e0nh th\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1ecbt k\u00edn th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/h3>\n\n

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Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ebb l\u00ean men \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh chu\u1ea9n (SOP):<\/p>\n\n\n

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  1. \u0110\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0o th\u00f9ng sao cho ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec9nh th\u00f9ng <10%<\/strong> theo th\u1ec3 t\u00edch nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed1i \u0111a t\u00fai ch\u1ee9a oxy tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi CO\u2082 chi\u1ebfm ch\u1ed7.<\/li>
  2. X\u1ea3 s\u1ea1ch kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec9nh th\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed CO\u2082 chu\u1ea9n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/strong> tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi si\u1ebft n\u1eafp \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i.<\/li>
  3. \u0110\u00f3ng ch\u1eb7t n\u1eafp v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ef1c si\u1ebft (torque) \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f3a ch\u1ed1t.<\/li>
  4. G\u1eafn m\u1ed9t \u00e1p k\u1ebf (manometer)<\/strong> v\u00e0o c\u1ed5ng van v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u00e1p su\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong v\u00f2ng 2\u20134 gi\u1edd khi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>
  5. Ghi nh\u1eadn ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m 12 gi\u1edd – \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m<\/strong> trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00edn kh\u00edt tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a th\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ebb l\u00ean men b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh.<\/li> <\/ol> <\/p>\n\n\n

    Oxy h\u00f2a tan – C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eebng m\u1ebb<\/h3>\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n

    X\u00e1c minh \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00edn ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m; \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng oxy h\u00f2a tan (DO)<\/strong> m\u1edbi cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec7u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed c\u00f3 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n hay kh\u00f4ng. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy h\u00f2a tan \u22640,5 mg\/L<\/em> trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 pha l\u1ecfng n\u00e0o b\u00ean trong th\u00f9ng. C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra gio\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i CO\u2082 – ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ghi ch\u00fa trong s\u1ed5 nh\u1eadt k\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac m\u1ebb \u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n

    \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0m r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gi\u1eefa ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic v\u00e0 l\u00ean men k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Trong l\u00ean men k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc, qu\u1ea3 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ho\u1eb7c v\u1ecf th\u00f3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e2m trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng ng\u0103n oxy v\u1eadt l\u00fd. C\u00f2n \u1edf ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic, qu\u1ea3 n\u1eb1m trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00ed CO\u2082<\/strong>, \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t n\u00e0o – d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 trong tho\u00e1ng ch\u1ed1c – c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi oxy. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 DO m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau trong ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee9ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb chung chung.<\/p>\n\n\n

    \n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n

    Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 pH l\u00e0 l\u1edbp l\u00e1 ch\u1eafn \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n

    M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc th\u00f9ng k\u00edn ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 pH<\/strong> \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 l\u1edbp l\u00e1 ch\u1eafn \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh theo c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u00f3a sinh thay v\u00ec v\u1eadt l\u00fd – v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t trong hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y m\u00e0 b\u1ecf b\u00ea y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kia th\u00ec v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi r\u1ee7i ro h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng m\u1ebb \u1ee7 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n

    Khung nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men<\/h3>\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n

    D\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1i \u01b0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn cho l\u00ean men ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n l\u00e0 20\u201325\u00b0C<\/strong>. Trong d\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y, Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/em> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt l\u00ean men c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i kh\u00e1c duy tr\u00ec \u01b0u th\u1ebf trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t trong khi Acetobacter<\/em> v\u00e0 Gluconobacter<\/em> sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1eadm. D\u01b0\u1edbi 20\u00b0C, vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i b\u1ecb \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men mong mu\u1ed1n c\u0169ng ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1ed5ng th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m t\u00edch l\u0169y n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 oxy. Tr\u00ean 28\u00b0C, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n axit axetic t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt – ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf m\u1ee9c oxy h\u00f2a tan g\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau 0,5 mg\/L, s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy v\u1ebft c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9 chua bay h\u01a1i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00f2ng 12\u201324 gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n\n\n

    Sasa Sestic<\/strong><\/u><\/a>, Nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch Barista Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u0103m 2015 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt then ch\u1ed1t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch logic h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb1ng sau vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c:<\/p>\n\n\n

    \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ed9 chua ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p, Sestic khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb duy tr\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean men \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p t\u1eeb 4\u20138\u00b0C, n\u01a1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i gi\u00fap c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t th\u01a1m d\u1ec5 bay h\u01a1i. \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt s\u00e2u, \u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi d\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t 18\u201320\u00b0C, n\u01a1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec5n ra tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01a1n.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n

    \u00dd ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng – \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb<\/em> c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u00f3ng n\u1eafp th\u00f9ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng khi l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n

    Bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam v\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ecdng s\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/h3>\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n

    C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng tr\u1ed3ng x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ee9c dao \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam t\u1eeb 8\u201315\u00b0C<\/strong> gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m ban ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ecnh minh. M\u1ed7i chu k\u1ef3 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh l\u00e0m ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 n\u1eafp th\u00f9ng, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c t\u00fai vi hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p gi\u1eefa pha kh\u00ed v\u00e0 pha l\u1ecfng – ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 vi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 Acetobacter<\/em> c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. L\u1edbp v\u1ecf c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t cho th\u00f9ng<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u1ed3n inox hai l\u1edbp v\u1ecf c\u00f3 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ebd lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0y. \u1ede m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, c\u00e1c th\u00f9ng \u1ee7 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf n\u01a1i tr\u00e1nh \u00e1nh n\u1eafng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 b\u1ecdc l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3n quang trong nh\u1eefng gi\u1edd n\u1eafng n\u00f3ng gay g\u1eaft.<\/p>\n\n\n

    Th\u1eddi gian l\u00ean men c\u0169ng l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. V\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 192 gi\u1edd (8 ng\u00e0y)<\/strong>, x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a enzym v\u00e0 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 c\u00e1c m\u00f9i l\u1ed7i t\u0103ng l\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t – kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb vi sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh enzym n\u1ed9i sinh c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00f4 qu\u1ea3 \u0111ang suy tho\u00e1i.<\/p>\n\n\n

    \u0110\u1ed9 pH nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men<\/h3>\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n

    M\u1ed1c k\u1ebft th\u00fac l\u00ean men m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng pH 4,0\u20134,5<\/strong> l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m chu\u1ea9n axit h\u00f3a m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng – bao g\u1ed3m Acetobacter<\/em> v\u00e0 Gluconobacter<\/em> – b\u1ecb \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng axit m\u00e0 ch\u00fang g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o ra. \u0110o \u0111\u1ed9 pH h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i hai l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi: x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea3m quan sau khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n

    V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt khi hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 (thermowell) \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00ecm trong th\u00f9ng<\/strong> cho c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eb1m tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 v\u00e0 sai s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n m\u00e1y \u0111o pH m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec7m chu\u1ea9n pH 4,01 v\u00e0 7,00<\/strong>, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ghi l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 \u0111o c\u1ee7a m\u1ebb l\u00ean men. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t pH tho\u1ea1t nh\u00ecn c\u00f3 v\u1ebb t\u1eeb t\u1eeb khi nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m u\u1ed1n g\u00e3y r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 trong nh\u1eadt k\u00fd – th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c l\u1ebd ra ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n\n\n

    \n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n

    Lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u1ea1nh tranh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ebb l\u00ean men ngay t\u1eeb gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/h2>\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n

    Lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u1ea1nh tranh (Competitive exclusion)<\/strong> l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd sinh h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t vi sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng – ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 pH v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n sinh c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n – s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp sau. Trong ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n: c\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao n\u1ea5m men Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/em> tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i k\u1ecbp thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n

    \u1ede m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u \u226510\u2076 CFU\/mL<\/strong>, S. cerevisiae<\/em> nhanh ch\u00f3ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do ti\u1ebft ra t\u1eeb m\u00f4 qu\u1ea3 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ed9 pH \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n sinh ethanol \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c cho Acetobacter<\/em> v\u00e0 Gluconobacter<\/em> ngay t\u1ea1i m\u1ee9c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00ean men th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng trong v\u00f2ng 12\u201324 gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean – tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd oxy hay ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ecbp ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n

    Men kh\u00f4 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh vs Pied de Cuve<\/h3>\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n

    Hai chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5y men th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, m\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ee7i ro – l\u1ee3i \u00edch ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n\n\n

    Men kh\u00f4 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh (Active Dry Yeast – ADY)<\/strong> – th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc v\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh \u0111\u1ed9 chua bay h\u01a1i c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t – mang l\u1ea1i t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n cao<\/em>. Ho\u00e0n nguy\u00ean men theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e2m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5m 35\u201338\u00b0C kho\u1ea3ng 20\u201330 ph\u00fat tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00e2m men), v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 2\u20135 g\/hL<\/strong> kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ea3. Ch\u1ee7ng men \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh r\u00f5, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u00e2m chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p vi sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt so v\u1edbi l\u00ean men t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean hay v\u0103n h\u00f3a vi sinh b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n\n\n

    Pied de cuve<\/strong> – m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y men m\u1ed3i n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ch\u00edn m\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t – gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng vi sinh<\/em> v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n. Quy tr\u00ecnh: ch\u1ecdn 100\u2013200 g qu\u1ea3 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ch\u00edn m\u1ecdng, s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t<\/strong> t\u1eeb l\u00f4 thu ho\u1ea1ch, th\u00eam n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4 tr\u00f9ng theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 1:5, theo d\u00f5i pH h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ea1t 3,8\u20134,0<\/strong> (th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea5t 48\u201372 gi\u1edd), sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng men m\u1ed3i ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh n\u00e0y theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 5\u201310% th\u1ec3 t\u00edch<\/strong> v\u00e0o th\u00f9ng l\u00ean men ch\u00ednh. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt \u01b0u th\u1ebf mang t\u00ednh b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 vi sinh n\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1i. R\u1ee7i ro l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 men gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ebb n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n\n\n

    Li\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5y men c\u00f3 l\u00e0m lu m\u1edd \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u00f9ng tr\u1ed3ng (Terroir)?<\/h3>\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n

    \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i e ng\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t khi l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic, v\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t l\u00e0: kh\u00f4ng<\/strong>. C\u00e1c l\u00f4 ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5y men c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n – \u0111\u1ed9 chua thanh tho\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 cao, h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng gi\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng CO\u2082 t\u1ea1o ra – trong khi tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u1eefng t\u1ea1p \u00e2m h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng v\u1ed1n che l\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3. Th\u1ed5 nh\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf qu\u1ea3 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, \u1edf ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 cao. \u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5y men lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 canh b\u1ea1c ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 vi sinh v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 l\u1ea5p m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng m\u00f9i gi\u1ea5m v\u00e0 m\u00f9i phenol.<\/p>\n\n\n

    C\u1ea5y men kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t oxy v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro t\u1ed3n d\u01b0<\/strong> – s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n x\u1ea3y ra b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p gio\u0103ng th\u00f9ng k\u00edn, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ee3t t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng cho ph\u00e9p vi khu\u1ea9n axit axetic ch\u1edbm ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi S. cerevisiae<\/em> k\u1ecbp th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. H\u00e3y coi vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5y men l\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 sinh h\u1ecdc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n

    \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5y men \u0103n kh\u1edbp th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic<\/strong><\/u><\/a> cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00ean men.<\/p>\n\n\n

    Infographic d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ef1c quan c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a S. cerevisiae<\/em> \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng sinh h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men.<\/p>\n\n\n

    \"Infographic<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    <\/div>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n

    Th\u1eed n\u1ebfm t\u00ecm l\u1ed7i l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1t ch\u1eb7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho c\u00f3<\/h2>\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n

    Th\u1eed n\u1ebfm (cupping) t\u00ecm l\u1ed7i<\/strong> sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ea3m quan gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng l\u1ed7i ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n th\u00eam t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ph\u01a1i s\u1ea5y, xay x\u00e1t v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xem nh\u1eb9 vi\u1ec7c cupping sau l\u00ean men s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ebfm ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1eafng khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed9 chua bay h\u01a1i \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n g\u1eedi m\u1eabu xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u – sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ba th\u00e1ng chi ph\u00ed ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n

    L\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ea3m quan \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean di\u1ec5n ra ngay l\u00fac m\u1edf th\u00f9ng<\/h3>\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n

    Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed n\u1ebfm n\u00e0o, h\u00e3y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngay vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng ngay khi v\u1eeba m\u1edf n\u1eafp th\u00f9ng<\/strong>. Kh\u00ed t\u00edch t\u1ee5 \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec9nh th\u00f9ng mang d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n l\u00ean men c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ebb \u1ee7. M\u00f9i gi\u1ea5m, m\u00f9i n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea9y s\u01a1n m\u00f3ng tay (ethyl acetate), ho\u1eb7c m\u00f9i \u1ea9m m\u1ed1c \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1ecf qu\u1ea3 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea xem c\u00f3 nh\u1ea7y nh\u1edbt b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc l\u1ea1, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/strong> hay kh\u00f4ng – \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 x\u00fac gi\u00e1c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n

    M\u1ed9t l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00f9i khi m\u1edf th\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn c\u1edd c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra cupping chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean gi\u00e0n ph\u01a1i.<\/p>\n\n\n

    Quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed n\u1ebfm chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic<\/h3>\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n

    C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh rang m\u1eabu d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 cupping t\u00ecm l\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 c\u00e1c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p che \u0111\u1eady ch\u00fang. M\u1ed9t m\u1ebb rang qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1eadm – t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1eddi gian ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (DTR) cao, m\u00e0u rang t\u1ed1i – c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00f9i l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 chua bay h\u01a1i v\u00e0 n\u1ed1t phenolic th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng caramel h\u00f3a v\u00e0 Maillard, mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t m\u1ebb rang qu\u00e1 non s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u1ed1t ng\u00e1i c\u1ecf, ch\u00e1t kh\u00f4 l\u00e0m lu m\u1edd c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i l\u00ean men th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n

    M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho cupping t\u00ecm l\u1ed7i ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c rang City+<\/strong>, v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1eddi gian ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (DTR) t\u1eeb 16\u201318%<\/strong>. C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee7 s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t l\u00ean men d\u1ec5 bay h\u01a1i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u00edn \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n

    C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 th\u1eed n\u1ebfm:<\/p>\n\n\n

      \n\n

    • T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 pha:<\/strong> 1:18 (tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea so v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc)<\/li>
    • Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/strong> 93\u00b0C<\/li>
    • \u0110\u1ed9 xay:<\/strong> C\u1ee1 xay cupping chu\u1ea9n SCA (th\u00f4 v\u1eeba)<\/li>
    • C\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1:<\/strong> C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 axit axetic, \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh phenolic, l\u1ed7i l\u00ean men (ferment-fault), v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 (clean cup) theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n phi\u1ebfu th\u1eed n\u1ebfm SCA<\/strong><\/li> <\/ul> <\/p>\n\n\n

      \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m 4 ph\u00fat sau khi r\u00f3t n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong> (khi c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 bay h\u01a1i t\u1ecfa ra r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t) v\u00e0 n\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i khi t\u00e1ch ngu\u1ed9i d\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 45\u00b0C (khi c\u00e1c n\u1ed1t phenolic t\u1eeb Brettanomyces<\/em> b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eadm n\u00e9t h\u01a1n).<\/p>\n\n\n

      Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1ed7i m\u1ebb \u1ee7<\/h3>\n\n

      <\/p>\n\n\n

      Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eed n\u1ebfm n\u00e0o ch\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 axit axetic ho\u1eb7c phenolic \u22653 tr\u00ean thang \u0111i\u1ec3m 15<\/strong>, ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u22651 t\u00e1ch l\u1ed7i (taint ho\u1eb7c defect) theo quy chu\u1ea9n SCA<\/strong>, l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb g\u1eafn c\u1edd c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c l\u00f4 b\u1ecb g\u1eafn c\u1edd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n sang ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea7n hai – \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu ch\u00e9o v\u1edbi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd l\u00ean men c\u1ee7a m\u1ebb – tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng: t\u00e1i x\u1eed l\u00fd (n\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3 thi), h\u1ea1 c\u1ea5p xu\u1ed1ng k\u00eanh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p, ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n

      Lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu nh\u00e2n xanh \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng 100 g<\/strong> t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i m\u1ebb l\u00ean men, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n trong h\u1ed9p k\u00edn c\u00f3 d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng. N\u1ebfu tranh ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1ea3y ra nhi\u1ec1u tu\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng sau \u0111\u00f3 – t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua, m\u1eabu xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 – m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eed n\u1ebfm tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 ghi nh\u1eadn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men.<\/p>\n\n\n

      \n\n

      <\/p>\n\n\n

      X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (QC) cho ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic<\/h2>\n\n

      <\/p>\n\n\n

      M\u1ed9t giao th\u1ee9c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u1eafp v\u00e1 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t oxy, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, pH v\u00e0 th\u1eed n\u1ebfm th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh t\u00edch h\u1ee3p duy nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n

      D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n

      C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n (CCP) trong quy tr\u00ecnh ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic<\/h3>\n\n

      <\/p>\n\n\n

      Khung \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n (CCP)<\/strong> x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ba th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m then ch\u1ed1t trong quy tr\u00ecnh ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ec7ch n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed7i m\u1ebb \u1ee7 – \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi g\u00e1n cho m\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ed9t dung sai \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n\n\n

      CCP<\/th>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/th>Dung sai cho ph\u00e9p<\/th>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t<\/th>H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
      CCP-1<\/strong><\/td>X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00edn th\u00f9ng \u1ee7<\/td>Ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee5t \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong 12 gi\u1edd sau khi \u0111\u00f3ng n\u1eafp<\/td>\u0110\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u00e1p k\u1ebf t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3ng n\u1eafp + 12h<\/td>Ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i gio\u0103ng, s\u1ee5c x\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00ed CO\u2082, si\u1ebft l\u1ea1i n\u1eafp th\u00f9ng<\/td><\/tr>
      CCP-2<\/strong><\/td>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 pH \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 m\u1ed7i 24h<\/td>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9: 20\u201325\u00b0C; qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o pH ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 4,0\u20134,5<\/td>\u1ed0ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 trong th\u00f9ng + m\u00e1y \u0111o pH \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n<\/td>C\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t\/l\u00e0m m\u00e1t th\u00f9ng; c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc d\u1eebng m\u1ebb s\u1edbm n\u1ebfu pH b\u1ecb ch\u1eefng<\/td><\/tr>
      CCP-3<\/strong><\/td>S\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 cupping sau l\u00ean men<\/td>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00f9i gi\u1ea5m\/phenolic khi m\u1edf th\u00f9ng; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m axit axetic\/phenolic \u22653 khi cupping<\/td>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00f9i n\u1eafp th\u00f9ng + cupping chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a<\/td>G\u1eafn c\u1edd c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o l\u00f4; \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu nh\u1eadt k\u00fd m\u1ebb; quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n

      \n\n\n

      <\/div>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n

      Bi\u1ec3u m\u1eabu nh\u1eadt k\u00fd m\u1ebb l\u00ean men<\/h3>\n\n

      <\/p>\n\n\n

      M\u1ed7i m\u1ebb ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u m\u1eabu nh\u1eadt k\u00fd \u0111i k\u00e8m t\u1eeb l\u00fac n\u1ea1p qu\u1ea3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean gi\u00e0n ph\u01a1i. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n

        \n\n

      • Gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y thu ho\u1ea1ch<\/li>
      • Quy m\u00f4 l\u00f4 (kg) v\u00e0 m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh th\u00f9ng \u1ee7<\/li>
      • K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eed \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00edn (\u0111\u1ea1t\/kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t, ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t)<\/li>
      • Ch\u1ee7ng men c\u1ea5y, ng\u00e0y ho\u00e0n nguy\u00ean men v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u00e2m men<\/li>
      • S\u1ed1 \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 pH h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y (k\u00e8m m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c)<\/li>
      • M\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac l\u00ean men (t\u1ed5ng th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng gi\u1edd)<\/li>
      • Ghi ch\u00fa c\u1ea3m quan m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng ngay khi m\u1edf n\u1eafp (v\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 do)<\/li>
      • \u0110i\u1ec3m cupping theo t\u1eebng h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c (axit axetic, phenolic, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch, t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3)<\/li>
      • Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng: \u0110\u1ea1t \/ T\u00e1i x\u1eed l\u00fd \/ Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf<\/strong><\/li>
      • Ch\u1eef k\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/li> <\/ul> <\/p>\n\n\n

        Bi\u1ec3u m\u1eabu n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 hai m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch: n\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt th\u1ef1c thi tr\u00ean t\u1eebng m\u1ebb \u1ee7, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 cao c\u1ea5p khi \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua s\u00e0nh s\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n\n\n

        H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn rang nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t cam k\u1ebft chuy\u1ec3n giao QC<\/h3>\n\n

        <\/p>\n\n\n

        Quy tr\u00ecnh QC n\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t ghi ch\u00fa khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 rang<\/strong> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u00e0n giao cho x\u01b0\u1edfng rang ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua. Ghi ch\u00fa n\u00e0y th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t qu\u00e1 g\u1eaft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i – \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ed1t axit hay phenolic v\u1ebft v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua v\u00f2ng cupping nh\u00e2n xanh \u1edf c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 rang City+ v\u1edbi DTR 16\u201318% cho c\u00e1c m\u1ebb rang th\u1eed n\u1ebfm \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t d\u00e0i h\u01a1n, \u00eam h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c m\u1ebb rang th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p chung ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c ghi r\u00f5 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 uy t\u00edn nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua b\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u1ed7i v\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh kh\u00e2u rang.<\/p>\n\n\n

        Tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 tri\u1ec3n khai cho chu k\u1ef3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp theo<\/h3>\n\n

        <\/p>\n\n\n

        H\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng:<\/p>\n\n\n

          \n\n

        1. Tri\u1ec3n khai CCP-1<\/strong> tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi th\u00f9ng \u1ee7 trong v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y – ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng \u00e1p k\u1ebf, gi\u1eef \u00e1p su\u1ea5t 12 gi\u1edd, ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u1eadt k\u00fd k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/li>
        2. B\u1ed5 sung vi\u1ec7c \u0111o pH<\/strong> \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 m\u1ed7i 24 gi\u1edd b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n k\u00e8m theo vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u h\u1ed3 s\u01a1.<\/li>
        3. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea5y men tr\u00ean 50% s\u1ed1 l\u00f4<\/strong> d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng – \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o quy m\u00f4 l\u00f4, gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00ean men \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u0111a gi\u1eefa th\u00f9ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea5y men v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5y men \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1.<\/li>
        4. V\u1eadn h\u00e0nh tr\u1ea1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t cupping chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a<\/strong> tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean gi\u00e0n ph\u01a1i, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng quy chu\u1ea9n City+ v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ed7i 15 \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/li>
        5. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u1eadt k\u00fd c\u00e1c m\u1ebb v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i v\u1ee5<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i t\u0103ng cao, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh dung sai ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/li> <\/ol> <\/p>\n\n\n

          Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c tinh ch\u1ec9nh. Chu k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1o ra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u; chu k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 hai s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ee9t ph\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u1ec1 r\u1ee7i ro trong l\u00ean men c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic<\/h2>\n\n

          <\/p>\n\n\n

            \n\n

          • \u0110\u1ed9 chua bay h\u01a1i t\u1eeb vi khu\u1ea9n axit axetic m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch rang hay ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>
          • Acetobacter v\u00e0 Gluconobacter c\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy h\u00f2a tan tr\u00ean 1 mg\/L \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a; duy tr\u00ec DO \u22640,5 mg\/L l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>
          • Brettanomyces bruxellensis c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t \u1edf m\u1ee9c oxy th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 pH th\u1ea5p, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec7 sinh kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng th\u00f9ng \u1ee7 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u00f3ng n\u1eafp tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tin c\u1eady duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>
          • Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean 28\u00b0C \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a AAB ngay c\u1ea3 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed, bi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed1i b\u1eadn t\u00e2m ph\u1ee5.<\/li>
          • C\u1ea5y n\u1ea5m men Saccharomyces cerevisiae \u1edf m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 \u226510\u2076 CFU\/mL gi\u00fap \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n.<\/li>
          • M\u1ed9t khung CCP c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng k\u00e8m nh\u1eadt k\u00fd m\u1ebb s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng minh b\u1ea1ch, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba l\u1ed7i l\u1eabn \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch.<\/li> <\/ul> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 r\u1ee7i ro trong l\u00ean men c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic<\/h2>\n\n

            <\/p>\n\n\n

            \u0110\u1ed9 chua bay h\u01a1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o n\u1ebfu oxy l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o th\u00f9ng ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic?<\/h3>\n\n

            <\/p>\n\n\n

            Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1ea5m \u00e1p (tr\u00ean 25\u00b0C) v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy h\u00f2a tan v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 1 mg\/L, vi khu\u1ea9n axit axetic c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n sinh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9 chua bay h\u01a1i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00f2ng 12\u201324 gi\u1edd sau khi oxy x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra duy tr\u00ec \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u1edf m\u1ed1c 12 gi\u1edd sau khi \u0111\u00f3ng n\u1eafp l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng mang t\u00ednh t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n\n\n

            B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic \u1edf nh\u00e2n xanh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi rang kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n\n

            <\/p>\n\n\n

            C\u00f3 – d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft s\u1edbm v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng ngay khi v\u1eeba m\u1edf n\u1eafp th\u00f9ng. M\u00f9i gi\u1ea5m, m\u00f9i n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea9y s\u01a1n m\u00f3ng tay ho\u1eb7c m\u00f9i \u1ea9m m\u1ed1c trong kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec9nh th\u00f9ng l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng vi sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tra cupping tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n ra gi\u00e0n ph\u01a1i.<\/p>\n\n\n

            Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic so v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn \u01b0\u1edbt hay t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n\n

            <\/p>\n\n\n

            Ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec7 sinh kh\u1eaft khe h\u01a1n ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f9ng k\u00edn khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t l\u1eabn h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t k\u00e9m – bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 cho ph\u00e9p sai s\u00f3t h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00ean men h\u1edf.<\/p>\n\n\n

            S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng men kh\u00f4 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh c\u00f3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a l\u00f4 ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n\n

            <\/p>\n\n\n

            N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a l\u00ean men t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh th\u1ed5 nh\u01b0\u1ee1ng (terroir). \u0110\u1ed9 cao, gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i – vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5y men ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ecdn s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p \u00e2m h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 che l\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n

            M\u1ed9t m\u1ebb ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y an to\u00e0n trong bao l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi r\u1ee7i ro l\u1ed7i tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn?<\/h3>\n\n

            <\/p>\n\n\n

            V\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 192 gi\u1edd (8 ng\u00e0y), r\u1ee7i ro tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a enzym v\u00e0 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 m\u00f9i l\u1ed7i t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t oxy v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 t\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft th\u00fac m\u1ebb \u1ee7 trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 72 \u0111\u1ebfn 144 gi\u1edd, d\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 pH ch\u1ea1m m\u1ee9c 4,0\u20134,5 l\u00e0m ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o k\u1ebft th\u00fac ch\u00ednh thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n

            Nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n Brettanomyces c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh trong th\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n\n

            <\/p>\n\n\n

            Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ebb l\u00ean men \u0111\u00f3 – c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t phenolic m\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ea5m s\u00e2u v\u00e0o th\u1ec3 n\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t c\u00e0 ph\u00ea. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec7 sinh k\u1ef9 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda ki\u1ec1m chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ti\u1ebfp theo b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3 axit citric v\u00e0 kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m m\u00e0ng sinh h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng lo\u00e0i Brett n\u00e0y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng dai d\u1eb3ng. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u00f9ng \u1ee7 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed l\u1ed7i do Brett ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a r\u1ee7i ro cao cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e1c m\u1ebb \u1ee7 s\u1ea1ch k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh l\u1ecdc ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n

            Trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai khung CCP n\u00eau tr\u00ean l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n\n

            <\/p>\n\n\n

            \u1ede m\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t: m\u1ed9t \u00e1p k\u1ebf g\u1eafn v\u00e0o c\u1ed5ng van c\u1ee7a th\u00f9ng, m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y \u0111o pH \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n k\u00e8m c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec7m chu\u1ea9n 4,01 v\u00e0 7,00, m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf ng\u00e2m ho\u1eb7c \u1ed1ng c\u1eafm nhi\u1ec7t trong th\u00f9ng, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y \u0111o oxy h\u00f2a tan \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ebb. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u m\u1eabu nh\u1eadt k\u00fd m\u1ebb ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh – s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u1eb1m \u1edf t\u00ednh k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t ghi ch\u00e9p, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n

            C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh rang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i l\u00ean men ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic?<\/h3>\n\n

            <\/p>\n\n\n

            M\u1ed9t m\u1ebb rang qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1eadm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 che gi\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ed9 chua bay h\u01a1i v\u00e0 n\u1ed1t phenolic th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 caramel h\u00f3a, t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o tr\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u1eed n\u1ebfm. Lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c l\u00f4 ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic \u1edf m\u1ee9c rang City+ v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1eddi gian ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n 16\u201318% khi s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc l\u1ed7i – c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng che \u0111\u1eady c\u00e1c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft l\u00ean men.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n\n

            <\/p>\n\n\n

              \n\n

            • Frontiers in Microbiology – L\u00ean men oxy h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n axit axetic v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 | frontiersin.org<\/li>
            • Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u00e0 ph\u00ea? | perfectdailygrind.com<\/li> <\/ul> <\/p>\n\n\n\n