{"id":54206,"date":"2026-07-06T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-07-05T17:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/coffeefactz.com\/?p=54206"},"modified":"2026-09-06T19:29:46","modified_gmt":"2026-09-06T12:29:46","slug":"rang-ca-phe-carbonic-maceration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/coffeefactz.com\/vi\/rang-ca-phe-carbonic-maceration\/","title":{"rendered":"Rang C\u00e0 Ph\u00ea Carbonic Maceration: C\u1ea9m Nang Thi\u1ebft L\u1eadp H\u1ed3 S\u01a1 To\u00e0n Di\u1ec7n Cho Th\u1ee3 Rang Chuy\u00ean Nghi\u1ec7p"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

M\u1ed9t m\u1ebb c\u00e0 ph\u00ea s\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ng\u00e2m \u1ee7 carbonic (Carbonic Maceration – CM) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c rang chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb gi\u00e0u bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m, t\u00f4n vinh \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh th\u1ed5 nh\u01b0\u1ee1ng (terroir) \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t x\u01b0\u1edfng rang \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i\u2014th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u1ed1t h\u01b0\u01a1ng ester t\u1ef1a r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang, h\u01b0\u01a1ng hoa qu\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi ng\u1ea1t ng\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 chua \u0111a t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi khi\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ea1t tr\u1edf n\u00ean mong manh, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n sai nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ea1p h\u1ea1t (charge temp) 10\u00b0C, b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed (airflow), hay \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb (development) v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 1%, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed1t ester qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u00f9i qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn \u1ee7ng, gi\u1ea5m chua g\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0n tro.<\/p>\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p rang gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 CM kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda t\u1eeb h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 rang c\u00e0 ph\u00ea s\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbt (washed). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy chu\u1ea9n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t\u2014v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1, t\u1eeb nh\u1eadt k\u00fd l\u00ean men c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i n\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi gian x\u1ea3 m\u1ebb l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ec1n T\u1ea3ng Ti\u1ec1n M\u1ebb Rang: B\u1ea3n Ch\u1ea5t Th\u1ef1c S\u1ef1 C\u1ee7a H\u1ea1t Nh\u00e2n Xanh CM<\/h2>\n\n

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M\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n xanh CM<\/strong> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e0 ph\u00ea s\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (natural). M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f9ng k\u00edn kh\u00ed ng\u1eadp tr\u00e0n kh\u00ed CO\u2082 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean qu\u1ea3 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea nguy\u00ean v\u1ecf bu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec5n ra t\u1eeb trong ra ngo\u00e0i\u2014c\u00e1c enzyme v\u00e0 n\u1ea5m men ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngay b\u00ean trong qu\u1ea3 th\u1ecbt nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n thay v\u00ec tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u1edf, t\u1ea1o ra n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n b\u00ean trong h\u1ea1t, l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea1t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 s\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbt c\u00f9ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n b\u1eadt m\u00e1y rang l\u00ean, ba h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 v\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp trung ch\u00fa \u00fd cao \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n

C\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ngay khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7m n\u1eafm h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n xanh tr\u00ean tay. H\u1ea1t CM<\/strong> th\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n khi c\u1ea7m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang s\u1eafc m\u00e0u ng\u1ea3 tr\u1ea7m h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat so v\u1edbi h\u1ea1t s\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbt t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t v\u1ee1 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u1ebfu thao t\u00e1c th\u00f4 b\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c khi n\u1ea1p v\u00e0o tr\u1ed1ng rang v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec7t qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft\u2014\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1eadt l\u00fd m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 rang xoay quanh n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao vi\u1ec7c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea1t l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong> tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 rang cho m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 CM m\u1edbi. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n c\u00f9ng c\u00e2n \u0111o m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ec3 t\u00edch n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn c\u1ea3 hai th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ebd b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u00f4 CM t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t n\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1i trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u00f9a v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 l\u1edbn: th\u1eddi gian l\u00ean men, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng quanh th\u00f9ng \u1ee7 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ph\u01a1i s\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y nhi\u1ec7t theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c quan s\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Lu\u00f4n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eadt k\u00fd s\u01a1 ch\u1ebf<\/strong> tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng. M\u1ed9t l\u00f4 l\u00ean men 36 gi\u1edd \u1edf 22\u00b0C s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 l\u00ean men 72 gi\u1edd \u1edf 12\u00b0C. Sasa Sestic<\/strong><\/u><\/a>, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ti\u00ean phong n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u00e0 ph\u00ea th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u01a1m kh\u00ed CO\u2082 cho ph\u00e9p nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian l\u00ean men th\u00eam t\u1edbi 3 ng\u00e0y \u1edf 22\u00b0C\u2014v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e2u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n\u2014m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra v\u1ecb chua acetic g\u1eaft g\u1ecfng v\u1ed1n th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u00e1c m\u1ebb l\u00ean men kh\u00f4. Ch\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m c\u1ee7a CM, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea1t c\u00e0 ph\u00ea khi c\u1eadp b\u1ebfn x\u01b0\u1edfng rang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng sinh h\u00f3a k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u01a1n h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u01a1 ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n

Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh d\u1ea3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m g\u00ec th\u1eddi gian \u1ee7. Erwin Mierisch<\/strong><\/u><\/a>, ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu Fincas Mierisch, \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u1ebb l\u00ean men \u1ea5m th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c n\u1ed1t gia v\u1ecb n\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0\u2014qu\u1ebf, \u0111inh h\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e2u\u2014trong khi c\u00e1c m\u1ebb l\u00ean men m\u00e1t m\u1ebb \u1edf d\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t 8\u201310\u00b0C mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 chua s\u00e1ng trong, thanh khi\u1ebft h\u01a1n c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh th\u1ed5 nh\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n vinh r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n

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Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u01a1i cho bi\u1ebft; n\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 can thi\u1ec7p nhi\u1ec7t trong t\u1eebng thao t\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb n\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1i Santa Lucia minh h\u1ecda m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i xa \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u: m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea tr\u1ea3i qua 60 gi\u1edd l\u00ean men theo sau b\u1edfi 10\u201312 ng\u00e0y ph\u01a1i n\u1eafng, t\u1ea1o ra h\u1ea1t c\u00e0 ph\u00ea l\u01b0u gi\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ef1c cao nh\u01b0ng l\u1edbp v\u1ecf th\u00f3c l\u1ea1i m\u1ecfng manh b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3n tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y l\u00e0: l\u00ean men s\u00e2u h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 ch\u00e1y h\u1ea1t theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh. Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u rang c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/em>, khi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u00f4 s\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u1eb7ng ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd thay l\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y s\u00e9m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1edbm h\u01a1n d\u00f9 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean trong l\u00f5i h\u1ea1t r\u1ea5t d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o. Do \u0111\u00f3, l\u00ean men c\u00e0ng s\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t h\u01a1n<\/em>, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea1o h\u01a1n\u2014ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u1ee3 rang v\u1eabn l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng khoa h\u1ecdc di\u1ec5n ra b\u00ean trong th\u00f9ng l\u00ean men, c\u1ea9m nang to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u01a1 ch\u1ebf<\/strong><\/u><\/a> s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u00ean men \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 vi m\u00f4.<\/p>\n\n\n

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B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: Thi\u1ebft L\u1eadp Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9 N\u1ea1p H\u1ea1t V\u00e0 T\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed9ng Nhi\u1ec7t Ban \u0110\u1ea7u<\/h2>\n\n

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Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ea1p h\u1ea1t (Charge temperature)<\/strong> l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u1ee3 rang m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m ngay trong l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi CM, v\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n gi\u1ed1ng nhau: \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi h\u1ea1t CM nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 s\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbt h\u1ea1t ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 n\u1ea1p v\u00e0o tr\u1ed1ng rang qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u1ed1p r\u1ed7ng, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a CM h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t nhanh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00e1y s\u00e9m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (scorching) di\u1ec5n ra ngay trong 30 gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u00e0n cupping h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafng ch\u00e1y \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o, ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u01b0\u01a1ng hoa qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n

Quy t\u1eafc th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: h\u00e3y thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ea1p h\u1ea1t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n t\u1eeb 5\u201310\u00b0C<\/strong> so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ebb c\u00e0 ph\u00ea s\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbt c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng c\u1ee1 s\u00e0ng. V\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c m\u00e1y rang tr\u1ed1ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, m\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec7t n\u1ea1p l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng 160\u2013190\u00b0C<\/strong>, v\u00e0 trong l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 l\u1ea1, h\u00e3y lu\u00f4n ch\u1ecdn c\u1eadn d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a d\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y. B\u1ea1n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u1edf m\u1ebb ti\u1ebfp theo; nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t m\u1ebb h\u1ea1t CM m\u1ecfng manh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y x\u00e9m trong tr\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n

Sau khi n\u1ea1p h\u1ea1t, h\u00e3y gi\u1eef m\u1ee9c gas \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ngay sau khi n\u1ea1p h\u1ea1t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ed3i nhi\u1ec7t (turning point – TP) m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0, tho\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t (Rate of Rise – RoR) suy gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng RoR \u0111i ngang nh\u1eb9 ngay sau \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ed3i nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; m\u1ed9t c\u00fa nh\u00edch nh\u1eb9 l\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tha th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m l\u00e0 th\u1ed1c gas \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t trong 2 ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e9p \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ed3i nhi\u1ec7t di\u1ec5n ra nhanh h\u01a1n\u2014l\u1edbp b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y x\u00e9m ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y, v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ecbp ph\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o cho b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n

Yiannis Taloumis<\/strong><\/u><\/a>, \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u00e0 CEO c\u1ee7a x\u01b0\u1edfng rang TAF coffee t\u1ea1i Athens, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n\n\n

\u00d4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 (radiant heat) mang l\u1ea1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t l\u00ean men s\u00e2u\u2014\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00f4 CM v\u00e0 l\u00ean men qu\u1ea3 nguy\u00ean v\u1ecf\u2014so v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n. B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ea1t h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb t\u1eeb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh tr\u1ed1ng g\u00e2y ra tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u1ea1t mong manh, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n

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H\u00e3y thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed (airflow) t\u1eeb m\u1ee9c v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ebfn cao ngay t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc h\u1ea1t v\u1eeba v\u00e0o tr\u1ed1ng<\/strong>. Thao t\u00e1c n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi hai m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: n\u00f3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed mang \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t bay h\u01a1i tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 om ch\u00edn l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u1ea1t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec7t v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh gi\u00fap \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ea1p t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ed1ng rang. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ee3 rang th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea1 lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u0169y \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ebb rang s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y th\u00f3i quen n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng th\u1ea3m h\u1ea1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea1t CM\u2014c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t bay h\u01a1i tho\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u1ea1t l\u00ean men c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t th\u00f4ng tho\u00e1ng ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ebb rang.<\/p>\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng rang \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n xanh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o tr\u1ed1ng rang c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m; t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng rang<\/strong><\/u><\/a> s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ecdn nhi\u1ec7t n\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n

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B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: D\u1eabn D\u1eaft Pha S\u1ea5y Kh\u00f4 V\u00e0 Maillard Tr\u01b0\u1edbc Ti\u1ebfng N\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ea7u<\/h2>\n\n

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Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Maillard<\/strong> l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u1ebb rang CM ho\u1eb7c s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec9nh cao, ho\u1eb7c s\u1ebd b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. M\u1ecdi di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn x\u1ea3y ra t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ed3i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa hai k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i: \u0111\u1ea9y nhi\u1ec7t qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0m n\u1ee9t v\u1ee1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 suy y\u1ebfu, ho\u1eb7c \u0111i nhi\u1ec7t qu\u00e1 ch\u1eadm khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u01b0\u01a1ng bay h\u01a1i b\u1ecb om (baked) th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb kh\u00f4 nh\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea5y b\u1ed3i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u00e0o l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 CM.<\/p>\n\n\n

Trong pha s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 (drying phase)<\/strong>, h\u00e3y h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea1t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ed3i nhi\u1ec7t l\u00ean t\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 150\u00b0C. M\u1ee9c suy gi\u1ea3m RoR trong kho\u1ea3ng 8\u201312\u00b0C m\u1ed7i ph\u00fat<\/strong>\u2014t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1eebng d\u00f2ng m\u00e1y rang, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ea3i tham chi\u1ebfu kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady\u2014s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u00ean th\u00e0nh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u1ed9t c\u00fa t\u1ee5t d\u1ed1c RoR qu\u00e1 d\u1ed1c trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 qu\u00e1 g\u1ea5p g\u00e1p s\u1ebd l\u00e0m g\u00e3y v\u1ee1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong h\u1ea1t; m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng RoR h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng suy gi\u1ea3m l\u1ea1i b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u m\u1ebb rang b\u1ecb kh\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng l\u1eb7ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb t\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea.<\/p>\n\n\n

Khi pha s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng Maillard th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, h\u00e3y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00ean 4,5\u20135,5 ph\u00fat<\/strong>. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed5 sung m\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men CM t\u00edch t\u1ee5 b\u00ean trong h\u1ea1t c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 caramel h\u00f3a chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t pha Maillard b\u1ecb th\u00fac \u00e9p v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 CM gi\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng n\u1ed1t h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u2014b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i thi\u1ebfu \u0111i s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t pha Maillard \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u1ee3p l\u00fd s\u1ebd ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o d\u1ea3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng hoa, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p<\/em> c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y h\u1ea1ch (stone fruit), v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ester bay h\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t pha ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch CM c\u00f3 v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt nh\u01b0 k\u1eb9o tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mang phong v\u1ecb s\u00e2u l\u1eafng t\u1ef1a r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang.<\/p>\n\n\n

Duy tr\u00ec lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed cao xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/strong>. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t l\u00ean men bay h\u01a1i t\u1ed3n d\u01b0\u2014axit axetic, etyl axetat, c\u1ed3n ethanol vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u2014v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i trong h\u1ea1t t\u1eeb th\u00f9ng \u1ee7. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed1n tr\u00f4i trong pha s\u1ea5y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u pha Maillard, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i dai d\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o trong t\u00e1ch d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u00f9i n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea9y m\u00f3ng tay ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea5m chua n\u1ed3ng g\u1eaft. \u0110i\u1ec3m c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ea3 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m RoR; m\u1ee9c s\u1ee5t 3\u20135\u00b0C m\u1ed7i 30 gi\u00e2y<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1eefa m\u1ebb rang.<\/p>\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t CM c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t: m\u00e0u s\u1eafc h\u1ea1t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u. Do s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men, h\u1ea1t CM \u0111\u00f4i khi b\u1ecb s\u1eabm m\u00e0u t\u1eebng m\u1ea3ng ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1m l\u1ed1m \u0111\u1ed1m tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u1edf gi\u1eefa m\u1ebb rang khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ee3 rang quen l\u00e0m m\u1ebb s\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbt n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eadt m\u00ecnh lo l\u1eafng. \u0110\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111u\u1ed5i theo m\u00e0u s\u1eafc. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong RoR<\/strong> l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y\u2014rang h\u1ea1t CM b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecfng m\u1ebb.<\/p>\n\n\n

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B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: Ti\u1ebfng N\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ea7u V\u00e0 Pha Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n: B\u1ea3o To\u00e0n C\u00e1c H\u1ee3p Ch\u1ea5t Ester Tinh T\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n

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Ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7u (First crack)<\/strong> trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ebb rang CM th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n b\u1ea1n d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn sai l\u1ea7m t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ee3 rang: t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ebb rang c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u0111ang b\u1ecb ng\u01b0ng tr\u1ec7. H\u00e3y c\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ea1i th\u00f4i th\u00fac \u0111\u00f3! H\u1ea1t CM, do c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c, th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed5 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea1t cao h\u01a1n t\u1eeb 2\u20133\u00b0C so v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong>, th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 198\u2013203\u00b0C<\/strong>. Bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00fa th\u00fac gas trong ho\u1ea3ng lo\u1ea1n l\u00e0m ch\u00e1y x\u00e9m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u1ea1t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00fat sinh t\u1eed cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 n\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 2 ph\u00fat, h\u00e3y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t pha gi\u1ea3m gas d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t<\/strong>. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c, l\u0103n t\u0103n \u00eam \u00e1i\u2014m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u1ecbp nh\u00e0ng\u2014thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 \u0111anh g\u1ecdn, gi\u00f2n gi\u00e3 b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111ang m\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. M\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00f5i h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec7u; m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 d\u1eef d\u1ed9i cho th\u1ea5y b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111ang \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00f5i h\u1ea1t, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean b\u00e0n cupping s\u1ebd l\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafng ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ebft \u1ea9n d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e1y s\u00e9m b\u00ean tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n

Alejandro Sevillano<\/strong><\/u><\/a>, m\u1ed9t Hu\u1ea5n Luy\u1ec7n Vi\u00ean SCA \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee6y Quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u1eadp h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 rang cho c\u00e0 ph\u00ea l\u00ean men y\u1ebfm kh\u00ed, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh khung ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c:<\/p>\n\n\n

\u00d4ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb n\u00ean duy tr\u00ec T\u1ef7 L\u1ec7 Th\u1eddi Gian Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n (DTR) d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng kho\u1ea3ng 16\u201317% v\u00e0 gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ebft th\u00fac d\u01b0\u1edbi 200\u00b0C, b\u1edfi \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng l\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m\u2014v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 l\u00fd do c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n

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M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh cho t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1eddi gian ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (Development Time Ratio – DTR)<\/strong> l\u00e0 15\u201319% t\u1ed5ng th\u1eddi gian m\u1ebb rang<\/strong>. Kho\u1ea3ng h\u1eb9p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean\u2014n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 mong manh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ethyl ester<\/em>, isoamyl axetat v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t bay h\u01a1i li\u00ean quan t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u00e9t quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 t\u1ef1a r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang c\u1ee7a CM. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1eeba ra ngo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m x\u1eb9p l\u00e9p c\u00e1c n\u1ed1t h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec9nh cao th\u00e0nh m\u00f9i m\u1ee9t hoa qu\u1ea3 n\u1ea5u ch\u00edn b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c DTR d\u01b0\u1edbi 15% l\u1ea1i khi\u1ebfn m\u1ebb rang b\u1ecb non v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u1ecb ch\u00e1t se.<\/p>\n\n\n

H\u00e3y x\u1ea3 m\u1ebb \u1edf m\u1ee9c m\u00e0u rang s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1ng v\u1eeba, x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 Agtron 65\u201375<\/strong>. Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ebb rang ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 hai (second crack) trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o. Ti\u1ebfng t\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a l\u1ea7n n\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 hai s\u1ebd h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u1ea3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y tinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u1ed1t phenol kh\u00e9t l\u1eb9t t\u1ef1a t\u00e0n tro m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u1ee7 ngh\u1ec9 h\u1ea1t n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau trong d\u1ea3i \u0111o Agtron \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c m\u1ebb rang CM:<\/p>\n\n\n

\"Even<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Kh\u00e2u l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec5n ra nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u<\/strong>. M\u1ed9t khay l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p s\u1ebd v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i pha ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng\u2014h\u1ea1t c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng khi ch\u00fang c\u00f2n gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t\u2014v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n h\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea1t xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 60\u00b0C trong v\u00f2ng 2\u20133 ph\u00fat<\/strong> sau khi x\u1ea3 m\u1ebb. M\u1ed9t khay l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i \u00ec \u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ed9t m\u1ebb rang v\u1ed1n r\u1ea5t chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh n\u00e0o b\u00ean trong tr\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n

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B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: Cupping \u0110\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 M\u1ebb Rang CM: Ki\u1ec3m Nghi\u1ec7m Th\u00e0nh C\u00f4ng V\u00e0 Tinh Ch\u1ec9nh<\/h2>\n\n

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M\u1ebb c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 ra kh\u1ecfi tr\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 rang v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t\u2014\u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3m quan qua cupping<\/strong> ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ebb rang th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u00f4 c\u1ee7a CM \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e0u s\u1eafc hay \u0111\u1ed9 hao h\u1ee5t tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7. Chi\u1ebfc t\u00e1ch tr\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u1eed n\u1ebfm m\u1edbi l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o trung th\u1ef1c duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n

Giao Th\u1ee9c Cupping V\u00e0 C\u00e1c Ch\u1ec9 D\u1ea5u Th\u00e0nh C\u00f4ng Khi \u0110\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 M\u1ebb Rang CM<\/h3>\n\n

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H\u00e3y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t giao th\u1ee9c cupping<\/strong> chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c, nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n: 12 g c\u00e0 ph\u00ea xay \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ecbn v\u1eeba (medium-fine), 200 g n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 93\u00b0C, th\u1eddi gian ng\u00e2m 4 ph\u00fat. Ph\u00e1 v\u00e1ng (break crust) \u1edf ph\u00fat th\u1ee9 4, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 h\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4 (dry fragrance), h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0\u1edbt (wet aroma) v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ba l\u01b0\u1ee3t n\u1ebfm h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb khi t\u00e1ch ngu\u1ed9i d\u1ea7n. S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong giao th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 duy nh\u1ea5t gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ebb tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a\u2014n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ecbn hay nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n th\u1eed n\u1ebfm, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang cupping k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt pha c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ebb rang.<\/p>\n\n\n

C\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/strong> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 CM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c rang chu\u1ea9n r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: n\u1ed1t h\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi<\/em> s\u1eafc n\u00e9t\u2014xo\u00e0i, chanh d\u00e2y, d\u1ee9a\u2014c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3 m\u1ecdng ch\u00edn m\u1ecdng, tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y h\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u1ed9 chua s\u00e1ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 t\u1ef1a r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang, v\u00e0 h\u1eadu v\u1ecb k\u00e9o d\u00e0i thanh s\u1ea1ch. M\u1ed9t n\u1ed1t h\u01b0\u01a1ng men thoang tho\u1ea3ng nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng \u1edf h\u1eadu c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u l\u00f4 CM, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 t\u00ednh d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn. C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c n\u1ed3ng n\u1eb7c m\u00f9i r\u01b0\u1ee3u m\u1ea1nh hay m\u00f9i gi\u1ea5m chua g\u1eaft l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1eb1m \u1edf m\u1ebb rang ho\u1eb7c \u1edf ch\u00ednh nh\u00e2n xanh.<\/p>\n\n\n

D\u1ea5u Hi\u1ec7u C\u1ea3nh B\u00e1o \u0110\u1ecf V\u00e0 H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Ghi Ch\u00e9p M\u1ebb Rang Cho C\u00e0 Ph\u00ea CM<\/h3>\n\n

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C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea5u c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ecf (Red-flag markers)<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u1ed1t m\u00f9i phenol ho\u1eb7c m\u00f9i b\u0103ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n g\u1ea1c y t\u1ebf (Band-Aid)<\/em> bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ebb rang b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (overdevelopment) ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7i t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n xanh truy\u1ec1n qua m\u1ebb rang. V\u1ecb gi\u1ea5m chua g\u1eaft<\/em> ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c axit bay h\u01a1i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ea3 s\u1ea1ch trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Maillard\u2014v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed ho\u1eb7c c\u0103n th\u1eddi gian. V\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafng ch\u00e1y \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o<\/em> \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t qu\u00e1 th\u00f4 b\u1ea1o, pha ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 hai. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3; m\u1ed7i l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n\n\n

H\u00e3y cupping t\u1eebng m\u1ebb rang \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb<\/strong> kh\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7, v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong nhi\u1ec7t b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 c\u1ea3m quan. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean kh\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a CM khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng\u2014b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ghi ch\u00e9p m\u1ebb rang<\/strong> b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n nh\u1eb1m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 cho t\u1eebng nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, t\u1eebng l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u1eebng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 l\u00ean men c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n

Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Taya Brown<\/strong><\/u><\/a>, nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ki\u00eam gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean t\u1ea1i Cafe Imports, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u1edfng rang:<\/p>\n\n\n

B\u00e0 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 cupping c\u00e1c m\u1ebb th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00ean men CO\u2082 v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh s\u01a1 ch\u1ebf s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c\u2014vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng s\u1ebd ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n r\u1ee7i ro r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i nhanh ch\u00f3ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong s\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n

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Logic t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u00fang \u1edf ph\u00eda x\u01b0\u1edfng rang. M\u1ed9t th\u1ee3 rang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eadt k\u00fd cupping b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o \u0111ang m\u00f2 m\u1eabm \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec7t trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t nguy c\u01a1 ng\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb xem nh\u1eb9 \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u00f4 CM l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 chua s\u00e1ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 che gi\u1ea5u r\u1ea5t kh\u00e9o c\u00e1c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft l\u00ean men m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p. M\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c thanh s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ng\u1eadp tr\u00e0n hoa qu\u1ea3 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ed9 n\u1ed1t m\u00f9i dung m\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c m\u00f9i thu\u1ed1c t\u00e2y thoang tho\u1ea3ng khi ngu\u1ed9i d\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng\u2014d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y l\u1ed7i t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n xanh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb che \u0111\u1eady m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n b\u1edfi h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9 chua c\u1ee7a m\u1ebb rang ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu n\u1ed1t m\u00f9i \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, h\u00e3y ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n xanh v\u00e0 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ngay v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n cupping l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng m\u1ebb rang \u0111\u00f3 sau 24 gi\u1edd k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi x\u1ea3 m\u1ebb<\/strong>. C\u00e1c n\u1ed1t phenol m\u00f9i b\u0103ng y t\u1ebf xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n mu\u1ed9n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u l\u00f4 CM v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trong t\u00e1ch th\u1eed khi v\u1eeba rang xong\u2014m\u1ed9t m\u1ebb rang \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u1eed ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfng v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 hai, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t x\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ea1t trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u1ee7i ro uy t\u00edn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cupping n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n

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X\u1eed L\u00fd S\u1ef1 C\u1ed1: C\u00e1c L\u1ed7i Rang C\u00e0 Ph\u00ea CM Th\u1ef1c S\u1ef1 B\u1eaft Ngu\u1ed3n T\u1eeb \u0110\u00e2u<\/h2>\n\n

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C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i rang c\u00e0 ph\u00ea<\/strong> \u1edf nh\u1eefng l\u00f4 CM hi\u1ebfm khi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ed \u1ea9n m\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t trong n\u0103m nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho m\u1ebb ti\u1ebfp theo. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 l\u00fd do b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men CM t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m n\u00e0y, c\u1ea9m nang to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u01a1 ch\u1ebf carbonic maceration<\/strong><\/u><\/a> s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n

Theo Snyckers<\/strong><\/u><\/a>, nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Camissa Coffee Company, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n l\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/p>\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 rang, cupping v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau, v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eabn c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra ch\u00fang\u2014coi m\u1ed7i m\u1ebb rang l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i m\u00e0 l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qu\u00fd gi\u00e1, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ebb rang ti\u1ebfp theo cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n

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K\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kim ch\u1ec9 nam v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 5 l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd:<\/p>\n\n\n

L\u1ed7i c\u1ea3m quan trong t\u00e1ch<\/th>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5<\/th>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c cho m\u1ebb sau<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Ch\u00e1y s\u00e9m m\u1eb7t (Scorching), ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ea1t (tipping), v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafng kh\u00e9t n\u1ed3ng<\/td>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ea1p h\u1ea1t (charge temp) qu\u00e1 cao ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng gas qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm ngay sau \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ed3i nhi\u1ec7t (turn-around point)<\/td>H\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ea1p h\u1ea1t xu\u1ed1ng 5\u00b0C; tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt RoR sau \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ed3i nhi\u1ec7t; ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay c\u1ee7a tr\u1ed1ng rang<\/td><\/tr>
M\u00f9i ng\u00e1i c\u1ecf, m\u00f9i \u0111\u1eadu ph\u1ed9ng s\u1ed1ng, v\u1ecb nh\u00e2n xanh ch\u01b0a ch\u00edn<\/td>X\u1ea3 m\u1ebb qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7u (first crack)<\/td>K\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n DTR l\u00ean 18\u201319%; t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t th\u00eam 1\u20132\u00b0C; r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7u chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c h\u01a1n<\/td><\/tr>
M\u00f9i gi\u1ea5m chua g\u1eaft, m\u00f9i n\u1ed3ng men r\u01b0\u1ee3u bia, m\u00f9i n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea9y s\u01a1n m\u00f3ng tay<\/td>C\u00e1c axit bay h\u01a1i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ea3 s\u1ea1ch – lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ebb rang qu\u00e1 nhanh l\u00e0m b\u1ecf qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Maillard<\/td>T\u0103ng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed (airflow) t\u1eeb khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1t 120\u00b0C; k\u00e9o d\u00e0i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Maillard tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n 5,5 ph\u00fat; ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n m\u1ecdi c\u00fa v\u1ecdt RoR \u1edf gi\u1eefa m\u1ebb<\/td><\/tr>
Th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng m\u1ea3nh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng hoa qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea1t nh\u00f2a, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4 kh\u00e1t nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea5y b\u1ed3i trong mi\u1ec7ng<\/td>M\u1ebb rang b\u1ecb om nhi\u1ec7t (baked) do RoR b\u1ecb kh\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i \u1edf gi\u1eefa pha s\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c cu\u1ed1i pha Maillard<\/td>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o RoR kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd gi\u1ea3m qu\u00e1 2\u00b0C m\u1ed7i 30 gi\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7u; n\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ecb kh\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec7t, h\u00e3y t\u0103ng nh\u1eb9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gas nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ecdt \u0111\u00e0<\/td><\/tr>
M\u00f9i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t phenol, m\u00f9i kh\u00f3i ng\u1ed9t ng\u1ea1t, m\u00f9i cao su ch\u00e1y<\/td>Nhi\u1ec7t qu\u00e1 cao trong ho\u1eb7c sau ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7u, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ebb rang ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u1ed5 l\u1ea7n hai (second crack)<\/td>Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3m gas d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7u; x\u1ea3 m\u1ebb s\u1edbm h\u01a1n; h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c m\u00e0u Agtron s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n; tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 hai<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n

\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i b\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y b\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thao t\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n phenol t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c nh\u00e2n xanh<\/strong>. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn trong ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u00f4 CM cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cupping r\u1ea5t s\u1ea1ch ngay sau khi rang, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00f9i phenol n\u1ed3ng n\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 thu\u1ed1c kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng y t\u1ebf sau 24 gi\u1edd tho\u00e1t kh\u00ed degassing. Khi truy t\u00ecm ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 do m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng vi sinh v\u1eadt ngo\u1ea1i lai x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u00f9ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men\u2014ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ed7i do th\u1ee3 rang. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: h\u00e3y cupping l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t m\u1ebb m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c rang s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u h\u01a1n 10\u00b0C. N\u1ebfu n\u1ed1t m\u00f9i thu\u1ed1c y t\u1ebf v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i dai d\u1eb3ng b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 rang, l\u1ed7i n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u00ednh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n xanh, v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p nhi\u1ec7t ti\u1ebfp theo s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf n\u00f3. H\u00e3y g\u1eafn c\u1edd c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng n\u00e0y cho nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u00e2n xanh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 uy t\u00edn th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0110i\u1ec3m C\u1ed1t L\u00f5i Khi Rang C\u00e0 Ph\u00ea Carbonic Maceration<\/h2>\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n

    \n\n

  • Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a CM l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea1t, suy y\u1ebfu th\u00e0nh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u2014ba bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 rang ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong c\u1ee7a c\u00e0 ph\u00ea s\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbt.<\/li>
  • Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1eadp h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 cho m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 CM m\u1edbi; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u1eadt k\u00fd l\u00ean men t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian l\u00ean men quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t.<\/li>
  • Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ea1p h\u1ea1t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n t\u1eeb 5\u201310\u00b0C so v\u1edbi l\u00f4 s\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbt t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd th\u1ed1c gas ngay sau \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ed3i nhi\u1ec7t\u2014b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd ch\u00e1y x\u00e9m nhanh h\u01a1n th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 k\u1ecbp ph\u00e1t c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o.<\/li>
  • K\u00e9o d\u00e0i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Maillard l\u00ean 4,5\u20135,5 ph\u00fat v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed cao xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t nh\u1eb1m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p hoa qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c axit l\u00ean men bay h\u01a1i t\u1ed3n d\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang \u0111i v\u00e0o t\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea.<\/li>
  • Ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf m\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1t cao h\u01a1n 2\u20133\u00b0C; h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n DTR t\u1eeb 15\u201319% v\u00e0 x\u1ea3 m\u1ebb \u1edf m\u1ee9c Agtron 65\u201375\u2014ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qu\u00e1 tay c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m x\u1eb9p l\u00e9p c\u00e1c n\u1ed1t ester t\u1ef1a r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb m\u1ee9t n\u1ea5u ch\u00edn th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>
  • Cupping t\u1eebng m\u1ebb rang \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb v\u00e0 th\u1eed n\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i sau 24 gi\u1edd; c\u00e1c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft phenol xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n mu\u1ed9n do nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n xanh v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trong t\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea v\u1eeba rang xong v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt rang.<\/li> <\/ul> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    C\u00e1c C\u00e2u H\u1ecfi Th\u01b0\u1eddng G\u1eb7p V\u1ec1 Rang C\u00e0 Ph\u00ea Carbonic Maceration<\/h2>\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n

    V\u00ec sao h\u1ea1t c\u00e0 ph\u00ea CM cho c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n h\u1ea1t s\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbt c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng c\u1ee1 s\u00e0ng?<\/h3>\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n

    Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong qu\u1ea3 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadt l\u00fd th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n ngay t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ebb rang. Ch\u00ednh m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea1t suy gi\u1ea3m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ea1p h\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ed1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u00e0 ph\u00ea s\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbt s\u1ebd l\u00e0m qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1t CM.<\/p>\n\n\n

    Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean men t\u1ea1i n\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ebb rang c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n

    \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 l\u1edbn. C\u00e1c m\u1ebb l\u00ean men \u1ea5m h\u01a1n c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0 mang n\u1ed1t gia v\u1ecb, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u1ecb trong tr\u1ebbo, gi\u00e0u axit s\u00e1ng sinh ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u1ebb l\u00ean men m\u00e1t m\u1ebb. Lu\u00f4n h\u1ecfi nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 d\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean men, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n

    C\u00e1ch nhanh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ea1p h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i qu\u00e1 cao l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n

    H\u00e3y quan s\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ea1t (tipping)\u2014c\u00e1c m\u00e9p ch\u00e1y \u0111en li ti \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00f4i h\u1ea1t\u2014v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra b\u00e0n cupping xem c\u00f3 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafng ch\u00e1y \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ea5n \u00e1t h\u01b0\u01a1ng hoa qu\u1ea3 hay kh\u00f4ng. Hai d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng nhau khi tr\u1ed1ng rang qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng l\u00fac n\u1ea1p h\u1ea1t, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c; gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u1edf m\u1ebb ti\u1ebfp theo ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda trong pha ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n

    T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 rang m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 CM \u0111\u1eadm h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng u\u1ed1ng espresso kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n

    B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ebb rang \u0111i xa h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat qua m\u1ed1c s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ea3i Agtron 65\u201375, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 hai s\u1ebd ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ester l\u00e0m n\u00ean b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a CM. M\u1ed9t m\u1ebb CM rang s\u00e1ng v\u1eeba (light-medium) ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t khi chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t espresso c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc; m\u1ed9t m\u1ebb CM rang \u0111\u1eadm s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ebb rang \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 v\u00f4 danh.<\/p>\n\n\n

    V\u00ec sao m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00f4 CM n\u1ebfm r\u1ea5t s\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean b\u00e0n cupping nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ed1c m\u00f9i thu\u1ed1c t\u00e2y v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau?<\/h3>\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n

    N\u1ed1t m\u00f9i phenol xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n mu\u1ed9n \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb vi sinh v\u1eadt ngo\u1ea1i lai x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men t\u1ea1i n\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do m\u1ebb rang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. H\u00e3y cupping l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t m\u1ebb m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c rang s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n 10\u00b0C\u2014n\u1ebfu n\u1ed1t m\u00f9i \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, l\u1ed7i n\u1eb1m \u1edf nh\u00e2n xanh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 n\u00e0o kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u00e3y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n

    L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft v\u1ecb chua gi\u1ea5m trong t\u00e1ch l\u00e0 do l\u1ed7i m\u1ebb rang hay l\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n xanh?<\/h3>\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n

    N\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed t\u1eeb m\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea1t 120\u00b0C v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i pha Maillard \u0111\u1ee7 5,5 ph\u00fat lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1t gi\u1ea5m \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf m\u1ebb ti\u1ebfp theo, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i do m\u1ebb rang\u2014c\u00e1c axit bay h\u01a1i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ea3 s\u1ea1ch. N\u1ebfu n\u1ed1t gi\u1ea5m v\u1eabn dai d\u1eb3ng sau nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00f3, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng axit axetic trong nh\u00e2n xanh \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t rang, v\u00e0 l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb l\u00ean men qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e0 t\u1ea1i n\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n

    Th\u1eddi gian \u1ee7 ngh\u1ec9 h\u1ea1t sau khi rang c\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi h\u1ea1t CM h\u01a1n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u01a1 ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n

    C\u00f3, quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t bay h\u01a1i cao h\u01a1n trong h\u1ea1t CM v\u1eeba rang xong \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb trong t\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 sau khi rang. Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee3 rang nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c l\u00f4 CM \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec9nh cao h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 3 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 7 sau khi rang, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 n\u1ebfm th\u1eed c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c g\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang phong v\u1ecb nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi t\u1ef1a r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang m\u00e0 l\u00f4 h\u1ea1t lu\u00f4n s\u1edf h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n\n\n

    Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 rang c\u00e1c l\u00f4 CM m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n

    M\u1ed9t m\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n, m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea1t, m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y rang tr\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng theo d\u00f5i RoR th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giao th\u1ee9c cupping chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ebb. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c RoR v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed, vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 rang cho CM ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n may r\u1ee7i\u2014c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 qu\u00e1 tinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc hay \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 b\u1ea5m gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    T\u00e0i Li\u1ec7u Tham Kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n

      \n\n

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