{"id":53415,"date":"2026-01-10T11:18:30","date_gmt":"2026-01-10T04:18:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/coffeefactz.com\/?p=53415"},"modified":"2026-08-20T19:51:51","modified_gmt":"2026-08-20T12:51:51","slug":"lich-su-quan-cafe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/coffeefactz.com\/vi\/lich-su-quan-cafe\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea: S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt V\u1ec1 Nh\u1eefng T\u1ecda \u0110\u1ed9 C\u00e0 Ph\u00ea \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean: C\u00e1ch C\u00e1c Qu\u00e1n C\u00e0 Ph\u00ea \u0110\u00e3 Ch\u00e2m Ng\u00f2i Cho Nh\u1eefng Cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch M\u1ea1ng X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i<\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i Ni\u1ec7m V\u1ec1 Qu\u00e1n C\u00e0 Ph\u00ea \u2013 T\u1eeb Nh\u1eefng “Coffeehouse” Th\u1eddi Ottoman \u0110\u1ebfn Qu\u00e1n C\u00e0 Ph\u00ea Hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i<\/h3>\nH\u00e3y th\u1eed h\u00ecnh dung v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1n coffeehouse \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi Ottoman: m\u1ed9t c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng l\u1edd m\u1edd, n\u01a1i m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t rang v\u1eaby g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u00ec b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi n\u00f3. Khi ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb “qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea” (caf\u00e9) ng\u00e0y nay, ta th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129 ngay \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y espresso h\u00e0o nho\u00e1ng hay nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c y\u00ean t\u0129nh, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea<\/strong> (cafe origin) l\u1ea1i mang \u0111\u1eadm t\u00ednh b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1n caf\u00e9 hi\u1ec3u theo \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t “ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e0 ph\u00ea” (house of coffee) \u2014 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng xoay quanh m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfp th\u00eam sinh l\u1ef1c m\u1edbi m\u1ebb n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea mang t\u00ednh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/strong> n\u00e0y ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ngay t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 giao d\u1ecbch mua b\u00e1n; ch\u00fang l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. N\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a coffeehouse<\/strong> s\u01a1 khai n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp n\u00ean nh\u1eefng quy chu\u1ea9n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e1n l\u1ea1i (lingering), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Ba tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t\u2014nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm, th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n\u2014\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, ngay c\u1ea3 trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. T\u00f4i th\u1ea5y th\u1eadt th\u00fa v\u1ecb khi c\u00e1i ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ee5 v\u1eefng qua h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t khu ch\u1ee3 t\u1ea5p n\u1eadp h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea thu th\u1eadp nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t trung l\u1eadp n\u01a1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n. C\u00e1i b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u01a1 khai n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00e8n gi\u0169a d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Ottoman<\/strong>, \u0111\u00e3 gieo m\u1ea7m cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u00e0nh qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea<\/strong> to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 h\u00f4m nay.\n
\"B\u1ee9c<\/figure>\n

T\u1eeb Istanbul \u0110\u1ebfn Paris \u2013 Cu\u1ed9c Chuy\u1ec3n Giao Xuy\u00ean L\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ecba \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean<\/h4>\nT\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u1ebfn t\u00e0u t\u1ea5p n\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Istanbul cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea l\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1 cu\u1ed9i \u1edf Paris, c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1669. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ch\u1edbp nho\u00e1ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t vai tr\u00f2: n\u1ebfu Istanbul l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01a1i h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u1eadp b\u1ebfn; th\u00ec Paris \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb (repurpose) kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u0103n h\u00f3a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt (cultural salon).\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng trung t\u00e2m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u1eadp b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u<\/a> v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed canh t\u00e1c s\u01a1 khai c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Phi v\u00e0 B\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o \u1ea2 R\u1eadp.<\/p> C\u00fa nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt xuy\u00ean l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba (Transcontinental)<\/strong> n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e0 ph\u00ea nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.\n

Nh\u1eefng Qu\u00e1n Coffeehouse \u1ede Paris \u2013 N\u01a1i Kh\u1edfi Ngu\u1ed3n C\u1ee7a V\u0103n H\u00f3a Salon<\/span><\/a><\/h4>\nM\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian salon th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17, h\u01a1i c\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u1ed1c l\u00ean nghi ng\u00fat, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i \u00f3c \u0111ang b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y.<\/em>\n\nT\u1ea1i Paris, nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1n caf\u00e9 \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ecfi nam ch\u00e2m thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a K\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean Khai s\u00e1ng (Enlightenment). Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng; ch\u00fang \u0111ang l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 cho nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng tri th\u1ee9c. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a salon<\/strong>, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng hoa b\u00ean t\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111en \u0111\u1eb7c. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t, \u201cQu\u00e1n caf\u00e9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u,\u201d<\/em> Voltaire t\u1eebng n\u00f3i, n\u1eafm b\u1eaft tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n t\u00ednh tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tri th\u1ee9c \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra b\u00ean trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3.\n
\"B\u1ee9c\n
Voltaire v\u00e0 Diderot t\u1ea1i qu\u00e1n Caf\u00e9 Le Procope<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

V\u0103n H\u00f3a Coffeehaus C\u1ee7a London \u2013 T\u1eeb Ch\u00ednh Tr\u1ecb Cho \u0110\u1ebfn V\u0103n Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/h4>\nB\u00ean trong qu\u00e1n White\u2019s Coffee-House, nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn m\u1ecfng (pamphlets) bay ph\u1ea5p ph\u1edbi b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng t\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea nghi ng\u00fat kh\u00f3i. London ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 cu\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eadt n\u00edch nh\u1eefng th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i \u0111ang th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3n, trong khi qu\u00e1n kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 cho tr\u00ed t\u00f2 m\u00f2 khoa h\u1ecdc, l\u00e0m b\u1ec7 ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 Isaac Newton v\u00e0o di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n nh\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Shakespeare \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f4i thai b\u00ean nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t c\u00e0 ph\u00ea rang pha, \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng gian s\u01a1 khai n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed3ng \u1ea5p s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n cho s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e2m ch\u1ed3i n\u1ea3y l\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng.\n

C\u00e1c Tr\u1ea1m Trung Chuy\u1ec3n Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u Kh\u00e1c \u2013 S\u1ef1 Ph\u1ee7 S\u00f3ng R\u1ed9ng Kh\u1eafp L\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ecba<\/h4>\nV\u01b0\u1ee3t ra kh\u1ecfi hai \u00f4ng l\u1edbn k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y, m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i l\u1ea1i th\u00eam th\u1eaft v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh. Vienna chuy\u00ean t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng gian xa hoa \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea1c, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u0103n h\u00f3a coffee-house<\/strong> \u2014 th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea1c c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n. Berlin ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n caf\u00e9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng gian cho s\u1ef1 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 c\u00e1 t\u00ednh ki\u1ec3u Bohemian, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5c s\u00f4i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a London. Amsterdam \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1eb9n nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a l\u1eabn \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Tr\u1ea3i kh\u1eafp ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 th\u00eau d\u1ec7t n\u00ean m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n quy m\u00f4 to\u00e0n ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c, g\u1eafn k\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t nghi th\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt chung.\n

Qu\u00e1n C\u00e0 Ph\u00ea \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean Tr\u00ean Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi \u2013 V\u1ecb Tr\u00ed, Khai Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u00e0 Di S\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, ch\u00fang ta bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e2y c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y m\u1edbi l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1645, qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Piazza San Marco c\u1ee7a Venice th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c khai tr\u01b0\u01a1ng cho c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 ghi ch\u00e9p chuy\u00ean ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u1edf Trung \u0110\u00f4ng. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb n\u00e0y mang t\u00ednh b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t (transformative). T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n l\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee7 s\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. T\u1eeb t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5: h\u00e3y th\u1eed suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9; t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p, \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt l\u00ean t\u1edbi ch\u1eebng 300 qu\u00e1n coffee house ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00f2ng 50 n\u0103m\u2014m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng cho t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn ch\u1edbp nho\u00e1ng xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t trung t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00dd. Qu\u00e1n nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e2m ng\u00f2i cho m\u1ed9t gu th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n l\u1ec7 cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea<\/strong>. N\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u00f2n h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng; n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang.\n

S\u1ef1 B\u00f9ng N\u1ed5 T\u1ea1i Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u2013 C\u00e1ch C\u00e1c Coffeehouse Lan T\u1ecfa T\u1eeb Istanbul \u0110\u1ebfn Paris V\u00e0 Xa H\u01a1n N\u1eefa<\/h2>\nS\u1ef1 di c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00e0 ph\u00ea t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng Levant ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o ch\u00e2u \u00c2u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n nhanh ch\u00f3ng, di chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t khi Venice \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c lan t\u1ecfa, th\u00edch \u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u1edbi m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1n coffee house \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c kh\u1ea3m (mosaic) c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n khai tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eafp th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp lang cho kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m caf\u00e9 \u0111ang th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n l\u1edbn v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang:\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Th\u00e0nh Ph\u1ed1<\/th>\nN\u0103m Coffeehouse C\u1eadp B\u1ebfn<\/th>\n\u0110\u00f3ng G\u00f3p V\u0103n H\u00f3a N\u1ed5i B\u1eadt<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Istanbul<\/td>\n1555 (coffeehouse hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean)<\/td>\nTrung t\u00e2m giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng & t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia, ch\u1ee7 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vienna<\/td>\n1670<\/td>\nN\u01a1i khai sinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian th\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea1c trong qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea (coffee-house music salons) v\u00e0 “v\u0103n h\u00f3a coffee-house” \u0111\u00e3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea1c c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Paris<\/td>\n1683<\/td>\nV\u0103n h\u00f3a salon nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i t\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0m v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
London<\/td>\n1672<\/td>\nN\u01a1i t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n (kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m “London coffee-house” \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Amsterdam<\/td>\n1675<\/td>\nTrung t\u00e2m giao l\u01b0u khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129, th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Prague<\/td>\n1680<\/td>\nQu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3m cho s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Habsburg v\u00e0 ch\u00e2m ng\u00f2i cho K\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean Khai s\u00e1ng s\u01a1 khai c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a S\u00e9c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Stockholm<\/td>\n1698<\/td>\nNh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u00f3a caf\u00e9, dung h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa gi\u1edbi v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\nTi\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 Venice, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u00e1m theo c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1654, Vienna gia nh\u1eadp phong tr\u00e0o, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1658, Berlin c\u0169ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u1ed1i b\u01b0\u1edbc. Khi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u01a1 khai, t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00f2ng 20 n\u0103m k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y qu\u00e1n caf\u00e9 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Venice \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c khi nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m\u2014\u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a r\u1eadp khu\u00f4n; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng mang t\u00ednh b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba (adaptation). London t\u1eadp trung cao \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p, trong khi Vienna l\u1ea1i r\u00f3t linh h\u1ed3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c b\u00ean trong b\u1ed1n b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e1n. Cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb trung t\u00e2m Ottoman v\u01b0\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn r\u00eca Scandinavia \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u00f2n v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng ch\u1ea5t k\u00edch th\u00edch nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u; n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn.\n

T\u1eeb C\u00e1c Salon Ch\u00ednh Tr\u1ecb \u0110\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec3m H\u1eb9n V\u0103n Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 T\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed9ng V\u0103n H\u00f3a V\u00e0 X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i C\u1ee7a C\u00e1c Qu\u00e1n Caf\u00e9 Qua C\u00e1c Th\u1eddi K\u1ef3<\/h2>\nS\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1n caf\u00e9 n\u1eb1m \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 t\u1eafc k\u00e8 hoa \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111ang s\u1ee5c s\u00f4i (brewing) trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. N\u00f3 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u00f3 th\u00edch nghi, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 giao thoa c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb hay nh\u1eefng v\u1ea7n th\u01a1. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n caf\u00e9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng 35% s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u1edf nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u01a1i ch\u00fang th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh, minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea trong vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 l\u1ed3ng \u1ea5p t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng (Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n V\u0103n h\u00f3a Caf\u00e9<\/a>). Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a n\u00e0y qua c\u00e1c l\u1edbp lang th\u1eddi gian: c\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian salon th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n caf\u00e9 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, th\u1ee9 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a (counterculture) c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. Tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean\u2014m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng gian nh\u00e0 \u1edf hay n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c\u2014nh\u01b0ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef giao ti\u1ebfp (discourse) l\u1ea1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Qu\u00e1n caf\u00e9 v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng qua d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y th\u1eddi gian. Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i khi gh\u00e9 th\u0103m nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u1ed5 mang t\u00ednh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/strong> cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1n v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n mang theo nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.\n

C\u00e1c Salon C\u1ee7a K\u1ef7 Nguy\u00ean Khai S\u00e1ng \u2013 Ch\u00ednh Tr\u1ecb Tr\u00ean T\u1eebng Ph\u1ec5u Pour-Over<\/h3>\nTrong c\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian salon t\u1ea1i Paris, m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00e2m ng\u00f2i cho nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1700, qu\u00e1n coffee house \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec7m (middle ground) s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n\u2014m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp, tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb ho\u00e0ng gia gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c (th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p ri\u00eang t\u01b0). Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 thao tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m cho nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi, kh\u00e1c xa v\u1edbi nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9 sao ch\u00e9p ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y da. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch n\u1ea1p b\u1eb1ng caffeine, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 duy s\u1eafc b\u00e9n, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhanh, tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 trang tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn cung \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.\n
\"G\u00f3c\n
Khu v\u1ef1c qu\u1ea7y bar v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u thang b\u00ean trong qu\u00e1n caf\u00e9 Le Procope.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Qu\u00e1n Caf\u00e9 V\u0103n H\u1ecdc Th\u1ebf K\u1ef7 19 \u2013 T\u1eeb Dickens Cho \u0110\u1ebfn Dostoevsky<\/h3>\nKhi s\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat, tinh th\u1ea7n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n. Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi nh\u00e0 v\u0103n v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng gian n\u00e0y v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Dickens mi\u1ec7t m\u00e0i vi\u1ebft l\u00e1ch d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh \u0111\u00e8n d\u1ea7u m\u0103ng-s\u00f4ng; Dostoevsky th\u00ec c\u1eb7m c\u1ee5i b\u00ean l\u00e0n kh\u00f3i c\u00e0 ph\u00ea nghi ng\u00fat. Nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc l\u00f2 nung th\u1eed l\u1eeda (crucibles) cho c\u1ea3 phong tr\u00e0o L\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n (Romantic) l\u1eabn Hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c (Realist), cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb m\u1ea1t v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc t\u1eebng quan s\u00e1t: \u201cQu\u00e1n caf\u00e9 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u00e0ng th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng,\u201d<\/em> h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Thompson nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111i qua c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda qu\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn cho vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ed1t truy\u1ec7n kh\u1eafp ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.\n

Ph\u1ea3n V\u0103n H\u00f3a (Counterculture) Th\u1ebf K\u1ef7 20 \u2013 C\u00e0 Ph\u00ea Nh\u01b0 M\u1ed9t H\u00ecnh Th\u1ee9c Ph\u1ea3n Kh\u00e1ng<\/h3>\nTh\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1960 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n caf\u00e9 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa chuy\u1ec3n m\u00ecnh, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o ph\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng gian n\u00e0y mang tinh th\u1ea7n ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i gi\u1edbi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n (anti-establishment), cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp thay th\u1ebf cho nh\u1eefng ai d\u00e1m th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c trong \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. H\u00e3y ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Beat \u1edf mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 hay c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o sinh vi\u00ean kh\u1eafp ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y espresso<\/a> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c g\u1ea7m r\u00edt trong nh\u1eefng phi\u00ean l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng. “M\u00f9a h\u00e8 T\u00ecnh y\u00eau” (Summer of Love) x\u00e9t tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb chung m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch espresso, ch\u1ee9ng minh cho vai tr\u00f2 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e0 ph\u00ea nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c ch\u00e2m ng\u00f2i cho nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.\n

V\u0103n H\u00f3a Qu\u00e1n Caf\u00e9 Hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i \u2013 K\u1ef7 Nguy\u00ean K\u1ef9 Thu\u1eadt S\u1ed1 & M\u1ea1ng X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i<\/h3>\nNg\u00e0y nay, nghi th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e1n caf\u00e9 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i dang r\u1ed9ng v\u00f2ng tay \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng, tr\u00f3i m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfc laptop. Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u00edt xoay quanh c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn ki\u1ec3u salon h\u01a1n, m\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng l\u1eabn ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ef1c.\n
\"Concept\n
M\u1ed9t concept qu\u00e1n caf\u00e9 mang h\u01a1i h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, ph\u00f4 di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c ki-\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00f3n qua \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m pha ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a, c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\nD\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng 70% th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 Millennials (Gen Y) coi s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng Wi-Fi \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u khi ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1n caf\u00e9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb7c giao l\u01b0u. Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh x\u00f3a s\u1ed5 nh\u1eefng “ti\u1ec7n \u00edch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i” \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap qu\u00e1n caf\u00e9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng ngay t\u1eeb thu\u1edf ban s\u01a1.\n

C\u00e1c C\u1ed9t M\u1ed1c Ti\u1ebfn H\u00f3a C\u1ee7a Qu\u00e1n Caf\u00e9 \u2013 T\u1eeb Caf\u00e9 \u00e0 la Mode \u0110\u1ebfn Th\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Specialty Coffee<\/h2>\nL\u1ea7n theo d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft m\u1ea3ng “pha ch\u1ebf” (preparation) trong c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea<\/strong> s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n quy tr\u00ecnh pha ch\u1ebf c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng chu k\u1ef3 m\u00e0i gi\u0169a kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111un s\u00f4i tr\u00ean b\u1ebfp l\u00f2 th\u00f4 s\u01a1 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y espresso ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ec1 th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea specialty \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng g\u1ea5p ba l\u1ea7n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb 2000 \u0111\u1ebfn 2020, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 qua c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ghi nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e0 ph\u00ea<\/strong> specialty trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3. S\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y minh ch\u1ee9ng r\u00f5 n\u00e9t qua th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea specialty tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p ba l\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 2000 v\u00e0 2020<\/a>. Phong c\u00e1ch ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u0169ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u00ecnh theo s\u00e1t g\u00f3t, d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ki\u1ec3u ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u1ed9i v\u00e3, n\u1eb7ng t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng sang vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n mang t\u00ednh chuy\u00ean gia, n\u01a1i barista \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c h\u1ea1t (sourcing) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c. Ngay c\u1ea3 di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1n c\u0169ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u1ed9t x\u00e1c\u2014chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb g\u1ed7 m\u1ed9c m\u1ea1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m r\u00e8m n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 sang kh\u00f4ng gian t\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh v\u00e0 th\u00e9p, t\u1eadp trung to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f4 di\u1ec5n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh pha ch\u1ebf.\n

B\u1ee9c Tranh Qu\u00e1n Caf\u00e9 Ng\u00e0y Nay \u2013 C\u00e1c Xu H\u01b0\u1edbng, To\u00e0n C\u1ea7u H\u00f3a, V\u00e0 T\u01b0\u01a1ng Lai C\u1ee7a C\u00e1c Qu\u00e1n C\u00e0 Ph\u00ea<\/h2>\nQu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu lai t\u1ea1p (hybrid) \u0111\u1ea7y cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e0 ph\u00ea tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0, ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e2m ng\u00f2i cho m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n kh\u00e1t m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m mang t\u00ednh si\u00eau b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba (hyper-local) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eadm ch\u1ea5t ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n (artisanal). C\u00e1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111ang d\u1ed3n tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 minh b\u1ea1ch tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c thu mua h\u1ea1t c\u00e0 ph\u00ea. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng \u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e1ch (niche markets)\u2014nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho pour-over Single-origin ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o high-end c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng cold brew. S\u1ef1 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u00e3y xem c\u00e1ch m\u00e1y m\u00f3c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c:\n
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